¿Cuáles son los beneficios del extracto de bálsamo de limón?

MelissaofficinalisL, also known as lemon balm, is a perennial herb enelfamily Lamiaceae. The erect, much branched stem is pilose, becoming glabrous towards the base. The leaves are petiolate, with slender petioles, yhave ovate-orbicular blades with crenate or obtuse serrate margins ynearly cordate bases. There are 4 pairs delateral veins, reticulate veins are obvious on the upper surface, the midrib is nearly flat on the upper surface and raised on the lower surface. The umbels are axillary, with short pedicels, 2–14-flowered, and the bracts are small and leaflike. The calyx is campanulate, with a long spinose apex. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, villous. Corolla creamy white, 12–13 mm long, pilose. Upper lip straight, apex emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed. Flowering period: June–August.

Melissa officinalisis a robust plant that is extremely easy to cultivate and manage. Unlike other western medicinal herbs or aromatic plants introduced desdetemperate zones, it prefers moist soil and is cold, heat and water tolerant. It grows well enfull sun or partial shade, has a widerange desoil adaptability, and is most suitable for a pH between 5 and 7.5. Melissa officinalis is quite adaptable to soil environments envarious climates. It can be cultivated enfields, gardens and pots. Its stems and leaves are lush and dark green in color, and it has a strong fragrance.

Melissa officinalis originated in southern Europe and North America. It is mainly distributed in Mediterranean countries, including coastal areas deTurkey and northern Iran. It has also been cultivated in China. In the eleventh century, Arab herbalists believed that Melissa officinalis had the magical power to refresh the mind and soul. Melissa officinalis was often planted around churches or temples in ancient Europe, attracting bees to make honey for sacrificial purposes. Melissa officinalis is used for a variety of purposes, such as food additives, herbal teas, ingredients in cosmetics, decorations and medicines. When encountering insect bites or wounds, the fresh leaves Melissa officinaliscan be directly applied to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain; dried leaves can be made into medicinal pillows to help with sleep. It is currently widely used in medicine and pharmacology, with sedative, anti-anxiety, anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-histamine, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer, mood regulation and cognitive performance effects.

1 extracto de bálsamo de limón ingredientes activos

1.1 flavonoides

Extracto de bálsamo de limón contains flavonoids including quercetin, rhamnetin, luteolin, etc. Free radicals are normal metabolic products in the body. When they are out of balance in the body, they may lead to many diseases such as inflammation, aging, cancer, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Flavonoids have a good scavenging effect on free radicals. Liu Shuang et al. [1, 2] and others have all experimentally demonstrated that quercetin, after being absorbed, indirectly or directly exerts an antioxidant effect in the body. It has been experimentally proven [3] that rhamnetin has a direct inhibitory effect on six tumor strains, including L1210, P388D1, HeLa, B16, NG108-15 and Hele7404. it was determined that luteolin has a certain in vitro antitumor effect. Wang Jishuang [4] and others believe that luteolin not only inhibits tumor cell proliferation, but also has a protective effect on the nervous system. In addition, luteolin also has anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects.

1.2 compuestos polifenólicos

Extracto de bálsamo de limón Extracto es rico en varios polifenoles tales comoÁcido rosmarínicoÁcido cafeico y ácido protocatequiico. Zhou Dan [5] y otros concluyeron que el ácido rosmarínico tiene un buen efecto terapéutico sobre los tumores, la inflamación, el Alzheimer y#39;s enfermedad y otras enfermedades. El ácido cafeico es un compuesto fenónatural que se encuentra ampliamente en frutas y verduras. Tiene una muy alta capacidad para eliminar los radicales libres DPPH y ABTS, y también tiene un fuerte poder reducde iones de hierro. El ácido protocatecúico puede reducir y mejorar el daño patológico al tejido cerebral de Parkinson#39;s ratones modelo de enfermedad, ejerciendo un efecto neuroprotector al aumentar la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes endógenas y reducir la producción de radicales libres [7].

1.3 terpenoides

Extracto de bálsamo de limón Extractos extractos extractosalso contains monoterpenal, monoterpenoid, terpene, sesquiterpene and other compounds [8]. At present, the application of Melissa officinalis chemical composition mainly focuses on Melissa officinalis essential oil. Melissa officinalis essential oil can be obtained from various parts of Melissa officinalis by using different extraction methods. The six main components of Melissa officinalis essential oil are citronellal (14. 40%), isoeugenol (6. 40%), geranyl acetate (10. 20%), nerol (5. 10%), caryophyllene (8. 10%), and caryophyllene oxide (11 %), accounting for 55. 20% of the total essential oil [9].

2 efectos farmacológicos

2.1 formación de tejido adiposo

Similar al tejido tumoral, el crecimiento y desarrollo del tejido adiposo se considera dependiente de la angiogénesis.Extracto orgánico de Melissa officinalisALS-L1023 puede inhibir el crecimiento de los vasos sanguíneos del tejido adiposo. Jeongjun Ki m [10] y otros encontraron que una dieta alta en grasas (HF D) combinada con ALS-L1023 sin afectar la ingesta calórica, los ratones C57BL/6Jtenían un peso corporal reducido, glucosa sanguínea abdominal significativamente más baja, niveles séricos más bajos de ALT y AST, inhiel crecimiento vascular en el tejido adiposo visceral, y mejora el metabolismo lipídico. ALS-L1023 también redujo el tamaño promedio de las células de grasa visceral, inhibide la degeneración de grasa, y redujo significativamente la grasa en ratones obesos. Además, ALS-L1023 también redujo el número de macrófagos cd-68 positivos y el nivel de expresión de citocinas inflamatorias. Esto indica que el extracto de Melissa officinalis puede desempeñar un papel terapéutico en la aparición y desarrollo de enfermedades como la obesidad como inhibidor del crecimiento vascular.

2.2 sedante y depresión ansiolítica

Experimental studies have shown [11] that by establishing a mouse depression model [12-14], using sucrose water consumption experiments, open field experiments, and forced swimming experiments, it was found that after CUMS stimulation, the comportamientoof mice was assessed, and it was found that the essential oil and acetone water extracts of Melissa officinalis leaf both increased the number of spontaneous activities of mice and increased their interest in things. Mice given the petroleum ether extract were more active and more active. This indicates that Melissa officinalis extract has a definite antidepressant effect and a stronger antidepressant effect. GABA is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals and is currently an important target for research on sedation, anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects.

Rosmarinic acid, one of the active ingredients in Melissa officinalis extract, has been shown in experiments [15] to inhibit GABA transaminase and inhibit the degradation of GABA, thereby increasing the concentration of GABA in the brain and having an anti-anxiety and sedative effect. In addition, two other main components of Melissa officinalis, caffeic acid and citral [16-18], have been shown in experiments to have anti-anxiety effects. In the forced swimming test, citral can significantly reduce the total immobility time of mice, and can reduce the total immobility time in synergy with imipramine. Some effective components of Melissa officinalis also have the effect of protecting neurons. They protect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft [19] and increasing the activity and content of ACh. Melissa officinalis extract can protect contramethylene-dioxy-methamphetamine-induced apoptosis of hippocampal primary neuronal cells, through its strong antioxidant properties and inhibition of MAO. Melissa officinalis can therefore be used as an antidepressant and neuroprotective agent to relieve stress, improve psychological mood, regulate cognitive performance, and prevent neurodegenerative diseases [20].

2.3 antitumoral

Alviano DS [21] and others used the MTT method to conduct an in vitro cytotoxicity test and found that Melissa officinalis extract has a good inhibitory effect on a series of human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, Caco-2 cells, HL-60, K562) and mouse cell lines (B16F10) have a good inhibitory effect, indicating the potential use of Melissa officinalis as a tumor suppressor. Jahanban-Esfahlan A [22] and others used the MTT method to detect the cytotoxic effect of the extract and conducted selective anti-cancer experiments on Melissa officinalis extracts in different human cancer cells.

The results showed that even at the lowest dose (5–1000 μg·mL-1), Melissa officinalis extract reduced the survival rate of all cancer cells to below 33%. It was also found that the average tumor inhibition rates of SKOV3, MCF-7, PC-3, A549 4 kinds of cells, the average tumor inhibition rate reached 73.1%, 86.7%, 79.9%, 77.8% respectively. The experimental results show that Melissa officinalis water extract has a high inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation, regardless of its dose size. This indicates that the optimal biological dose of Melissa officinalis as a tumor inhibitor is more important than the maximum tolerated dose. In addition, hormone-dependent cancers are more sensitive to Melissa extracts, suggesting that Melissa has specificity in antitumor activity.

2.4 propiedades antioxidantes

Medicinal plants rich in polyphenolic compounds are widely used for their good antioxidant properties. Safaeian L[ 23] and others found that H2O2-induced human venous endothelial cells treated with Melissa officinalis extract can significantly improve cell viability, reduce the concentration of peroxides, and improve the antioxidant capacity of intracellular and extracellular fluids.

Rosmarinic acid, the main active ingredient in Melissa officinalis extract, is an antioxidant. Experiments have shown that [24] giving medium to high doses of rosmarinic acid can significantly reduce malondialdehyde levels and serum triglyceride levels, thereby increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body, and that there is a dose-response relationship with increasing doses of rosmarinic acid. Under hypoxic conditions, the body experiences an imbalance in free radical metabolism, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant capacity. The results of the experiment showed that medium and high doses of rosmarinic acid can increase the time that aging mice can withstand hypoxia under normal pressure.

El mecanismo de acción puede ser que el ácido rosmarínico reduce el cuerpo#39;s el consumo de oxígeno, y la producción de radicales libres de oxígeno se reduce posteriormente. Cuanto más fuerte es el cuerpo 's capacidad antioxidante, cuanto más eficaz es en el logro de la meta terapéutica de anti-envejecimiento [25].

Rosmarinic acid also has anti-angiogenic activity, can reduce the expression of H2O2-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor, and can inhibit endothelial cell oxidation of low-density lipoprotein [26], reduce the release of IL-8 from endothelial cells, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of endothelial cells [27]. In addition, caffeic acid, another antioxidant in Melissa officinalis extract [28], may improve cellular resistance to oxidoxidoxidoxidEl estrés o el estrésby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione depletion [29]. Due to its strong antioxidant activity, Melissa officinalis extract has potential benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.

2,5 antibacteri

Natural essential oils are obtained from various parts of plants and are highly effective active antibacterial agents. The widespread use of antibacterial drugs has seriously affected the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. The use of herbs is a preventive measure against treatment failures due to a lack of sensitivity to synthetic antibiotics. Experiments have shown that the compounds in Melissa officinalis essential oil that exert an antibacterial effect are citral, citronellal and trans-caryophyllene. Melissa officinalis essential oil exhibits a high degree of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is also highly active against Candida albicans. Canadanovi et al. found that Melissa officinalis n-butanol extractTenía alta actividad de eliminación de peróxido lipídico y actividad de eliminación de radicales hidroxilo. Los extractos de éter de aceite y acetato de etilo de Melissa officinalis tienen una buena actividad antibacteriana contra Streptococcus mutans, y los extractos de cloroformtienen efectos antiproliferativos sobre las células He La y las células MCF-7. Esto indica que los extractos de Melissa officinalis tienen alto contenido fenólico y capacidad de eliminación de radicales libres, actividad antibacteriana y actividad antiproliferativa.

2.6 antiúlcera

Saber i A[30] et al. established a rat gastric ulcer model and found that Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract can significantly reduce the ulcer index and the MDA level in rat serum. The mechanism by which Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract protects the gastric mucosa may be through regulating the expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPX, or by reducing the MDA level, which are biochemical indicators that affect cell damage and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the natural antioxidant ingredients in Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract, such as vitamin E, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids, can also reduce the total amount and acidity of gastric acid and increase the pH of gastric juice. This indicates that Melissa officinalis extract may achieve an anti-ulcer therapeutic effect by mediating antioxidant properties.

3 conclusión

La Melissa officinalis es una hierba popular con una amplia gama de aplicaciones, lo que demuestra su alto valor medicinal. En los últimos años, el aceite esencial de Melissa officinalis ha demostrado ventajas únicas en la clínica antitumoral, antioxidantes y actividades antibacterianas, que destaca plenamente las características terapéudeMedicina Tradicional China. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, hay una falta de investigación sobre los vínculos y mecanismos de acción relacionados con la composición química y el tratamiento clínico de la Melissa officinalis, por lo que la investigación y el debate sobre la composición química y la investigación farmacológica de la Melissa officinalis deben continuar proporcionando una base científica para explorar mejor las perspectivas medicinales de la Melissa officinalis.

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